each detected vowel frame is plotted by its F1/F2 formants — the standard IPA vowel quadrilateral with F2 on the horizontal axis (3000 Hz left, 700 Hz right) and F1 on the vertical (200 Hz top, 1100 Hz bottom). reference IPA symbols are placed at canonical formant positions. amber dots = file A, cyan dots = file B (when loaded). the cloud of points reveals the speaker's vowel space; comparing two clouds reveals where ADR diverges from the production take in vowel articulation.